- Deedat established the IPCI, an international Islamic missionary organisation, and wrote several widely distributed booklets on Islam and Christianity. He was awarded the King Faisal International Prize in 1986 for his fifty years of missionary work. He wrote and lectured in English.
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Praise be to Allah.
The Deobandis are one of the groups of Muslims. This group isconnected to and named after the University of Deoband – Dar al-Uloom – inIndia. It is an intellectual school of thought that is deeply rooted, andeveryone who graduated from that university was influenced by its academiccharacteristics, so that they became known as Deobandis.
Aug 3, 2019 - Explore NooRNaZrin's board 'Ahmed deedat' on Pinterest. See more ideas about ahmed deedat, islamic quotes, muslim quotes.
The University of Deoband was founded by a group of Indian‘ulamaa’ (scholars) after the British had put a stop to the Islamicrevolution in India in 1857 CE. Its establishment was a strong reactionagainst western advancement and its materialistic civilization in the IndianSubcontinent, aimed at saving the Muslims from the dangers of thesecircumstances, especially when Delhi, the capital, had been destroyedfollowing the revolution and the British had taken full control of it. Thescholars feared that their religion might be assimilated, so ShaykhImdaadullaah al-Muhaajir al-Makki and his student Shaykh Muhammad Qaasimal-Nanatuwi, and their companions, drew up a plan to protect Islam and itsteachings. They thought that the solution was to establish religious schoolsand Islamic centers, thus al-Madrasah al-Islamiyyah al-Arabiyyah wasestablished in Deoband as a center for Islam and Sharee’ah in India at thetime of British rule.
The most prominent figures of this intellectual school:
1-Muhammad Qaasim
2-Rasheed Ahmad al-Kankoohi
3-Husayn Ahmad al-Madani
4-Muhammad Anwaar Shahal-Kashmiri
5-Abu’l-Hasan al-Nadvi
6-Al-Muhaddith Habeeb al-Rahmaanal-A’zami
Thoughts and beliefs
With regard to basic tenets of belief (‘aqeedah), they followthe madhhab of Abu Mansoor al-Maatreedi.
They follow the madhhab of Imaam Abu Haneefah with regard tofiqh and minor issues.
They follow the Sufi tareeqahs of the Naqshbandiyyah,Chishtiyyah, Qaadiriyyah and Saharwardiyyah with regard to spiritualdevelopment.
The thoughts and principles of the Deobandi school may besummed up as follows:
-Preserving the teachings ofIslam and its strength and rituals.
-Spreading Islam and resistingdestructive schools of thought and missionary activity.
-Spreading Islamic culture andresisting the invading British culture.
-Paying attention to spreadingthe Arabic language because it is the means of benefiting from the sourcesof Islamic sharee’ah.
Ahmad Deedatall Islamic Content In One Place Crossword
-Combining reason and emotion,and knowledge and spirituality.
![Ahmad Deedatall Islamic Content In One Place Ahmad Deedatall Islamic Content In One Place](/uploads/1/2/7/7/127757990/811074727.jpg)
See al-Mawsoo’ah al-Muyassarah fil Adyaan wal Madhaahib(1/308).
Because the Deobandis follow the Maatreedi madhhab withregard to belief (‘aqeedah), we have to define what al-Maatreediyyah is:
This is a philosophical (kalaami) group which is named afterAbu Mansoor al-Maatreedi. It is based on using rational and philosophicalproof and evidence in disputes with opponents from among the Mu’tazilah,Jahamiyyah and others to establish the truths of religion and Islamic‘aqeedah (belief). With regard to sources, the Maatreediyyah divide thebases of religion into two categories depending on the source:
1 – Divine or rational: these are matters which areestablished independently by reason and the reports follow that. Thisincludes issues of Tawheed and the Divine attributes.
2 – Legislative matters or transmitted reports, These arematters which reason states may or may not exist, but there is no way toprove rationally that they exist, such as Prophethood, the torment of thegrave and issues of the Hereafter. It should be noted that some of themregarded Prophethood as coming under the heading of rational issues.
It is obvious that this is contradictory to the methodologyof Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jamaa’ah, because the Qur’aan, Sunnah and consensus ofthe Sahaabah are the sources of guidance in their view. This is in additionto their bid’ah (innovation) of dividing the sources of religion intorational matters vs. transmitted reports, which was based on the falsenotion of the philosophers who assumed that the religious texts contradictreason, so they tried to mediate between reason and the transmitted reports.This led them to force reason into fields where it has no place, so theycame up with false rulings which contradicted sharee’ah, and that led themto say that they did not know what the texts mean and that only Allaah knowstheir meaning, or to misinterpret them altogether. In the view of Ahlal-Sunnah wa’l-Jamaa’ah, on the other hand, there is no contradictionbetween sound reason and the sound transmitted reports.
See al-Mawsoo’ah al-Muyassarah fi’l-Adyaan wa’l-Madhaahibal-Mu’aasirah, 1/99
Attitude of Ahl al-Sunnah towards the Maatreediyyah
![Ahmad Deedatall Islamic Content In One Place Ahmad Deedatall Islamic Content In One Place](/uploads/1/2/7/7/127757990/174957175.png)
It was narrated from the Prophet SAWS (peace and blessings ofAllaah be upon him) that this ummah would split into seventy-three sects,all of which would be in the Fire apart from one. The Prophet SAWS (peaceand blessings of Allaah be upon him) explained that the saved group is theJamaa’ah, which is the group that follows the same path as the MessengerSAWS (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and his Companions.
Undoubtedly Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jamaa’ah, who adhere to theQur’aan and Sunnah in terms of both knowledge and actions, are the savedgroup, and this description applies to them, i.e., they adhere to that whichthe Messenger SAWS (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and hisCompanions adhered to in terms of knowledge and actions.
It is not sufficient for an individual or group merely toclaim to belong to the Sunnah whilst going against the methodology of thesalaf, namely the Sahaabah and Taabi’een. Rather it is essential to adhereto their methodology in knowledge, action, approach and spiritualdevelopment.
The Maatreediyyah are one of the groups whose opinionsinclude true and false views, and some things that go against the Sunnah. Itis known that these groups vary with regard to the truth, how near or farthey are; the closer they are to the Sunnah, the closer they are to thetruth and the right way. Among them are some who went against the Sunnahwith regard to basic principles, and some who went against the Sunnah withregard to more subtle issues. There are some who refuted other groups whoare farther away from the Sunnah, so they are to be praised with regard totheir refutation of falsehood and what they have said of truth, but theyhave overstepped the mark in so far as they have rejected part of the truthand gone along with some falsehood. So they have refuted a serious bid’ah bymeans of a lesser bid’ah, and refuted falsehood with a lesser form offalsehood. This is the case with most of the philosophers (ahl al-kalaam)who claim to belong to Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jamaa’ah…”
(From the words of Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah,al-Fataawa, 1/348).
There remains one important question to be answered, whichis: what is our duty towards the Maatreediyyah and groups who hold similarbeliefs such as the Deobandis and others?
The answer varies according to differences in the personsinvolved.
If someone is stubborn and propagates his bid’ah, then wemust warn others about him and explain where he has gone wrong and deviated.But if he does not propagate his bid’ah and it is clear from his words andactions that he is seeking the truth and striving for that purpose, then weshould advise him and explain to him what is wrong with this belief, andguide him in a manner that is better; perhaps Allaah will bring him back tothe truth. This advice is included in the words of the Prophet SAWS (peaceand blessings of Allaah be upon him): “Religion is sincerity (or sincereadvice).” We [the Sahabah] asked, “To whom?” He said, “To Allaah and HisBook, and His Messenger, and to the leaders of the Muslims and their commonfolk.”
(Narrated by Muslim, 55).
أحمد بن ماجد | |
Dieulafoy's 1888 illustration of an Omani merchant, captioned Négociant musulman de Mascate | |
Born | c. 1432 |
---|---|
Died | c. 1500 |
Other names | The Lion of the Sea |
Occupation | Navigator/Cartographer |
Years active | c. 1450 – c. 1500 |
Known for | Navigator |
Notable work | The Book of the Benefits of the Principles and Foundations of Seamanship (Kitab al-Fawa’id fi Usul ‘Ilm al-Bahr wa ’l-Qawa’id) |
Aḥmad ibn Mājid ( أحمد بن ماجد), also known as the Lion of the Sea,[1] was an Arabnavigator and cartographer born c. 1432[2] in Julfar, part of Oman under the Nabhani dynasty rule at the time,[3][4] (present-day Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates).[5] He was raised in a family famous for seafaring; at the age of 17 he was able to navigate ships. The exact date is not known, but ibn Majid probably died in 1500. Although long identified in the West as the navigator who helped Vasco da Gama find his way from Africa to India, contemporary research has shown Ibn Majid is unlikely even to have met da Gama.[6] Ibn Majid was the author of nearly forty works of poetry and prose.
Works[edit]
A selection from the Kitab al-Fawa’id fi Usul ‘Ilm al-Bahr wa ’l-Qawa’id with Ibn Majid referring to the Gulf of Aden by it's old name the Gulf of Berbera
Ibn Majid wrote several books on marine science and the movements of ships, which helped people of the Persian Gulf to reach the coasts of India, East Africa and other destinations. Among his many books on navigation, Kitab al-Fawa’id fi Usul ‘Ilm al-Bahr wa ’l-Qawa’id (The Book of the Benefits of the Principles and Foundations of Seamanship) is considered as one of his best.[7] It is an encyclopedia, describing the history and basic principles of navigation, latitude and longitude by way of celestial navigation,[8]lunar mansions, loxodromes, the difference between coastal and open-sea sailing, the locations of ports from East Africa to Indonesia, accounts of the monsoon and other seasonal winds, typhoons and other topics for professional navigators. He drew from his own experience and that of his father, also a famous navigator, and the lore of generations of Indian Ocean sailors. The book encompassed the entire science of navigation in the Indian Ocean at the time.[9]
Ibn Majid was known as the Muallim (teacher), i.e. teacher of navigation. Most of his navigational calculations depended on astrology.[9]
Legacy[edit]
Although Ibn Majid was long held to have helped the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama cross from Africa to the Indian subcontinent, contemporary research has shown that he would have been in his seventies at the time of da Gama's trip. The actual pilot who sailed with da Gama was a Gujarati and in fact returned to Portugal with da Gama.[10][6] The man was provided to da Gama by the Ruler of Malindi and was, assumed da Gama and his men, a Christian. He guided da Gama's ships to Mount Eli on the Indian coast after a 23-day voyage.[11]
Researchers have also used the three rutters of Ibn Majid, particularly the ‘Sofala Rutter’, to comprehensively debunk the entire story of Ibn Majid and any association with da Gama. The evidence in these, letters written by da Gama himself and Ibn Majid’s age (he considered himself too old to navigate – in 1498, when da Gama arrived in Malindi, Ibn Majid would have been 77), all provide a strong refutation of the entire story and it is now accepted as highly unlikely that Ibn Majid had ever even met da Gama, let alone given him the route to India.[12] However, his printed works are thought to have been a valuable source for the Portuguese when they arrived in the region.[9]
Remembered as “The Lion of the Sea”, Ibn Majid’s true legacy was the substantial body of literature on navigation that he left behind. Arab sailing was at a pinnacle during ibn Majid's lifetime, when both Europeans and Ottomans had only a limited understanding of geography in the Indian Ocean. His Kitab al-Fawa’id fi Usul ‘Ilm al-Bahr wa’l-Qawa’id was widely utilized by Arab sailors and addressed celestial navigation, weather patterns, and charts of dangerous areas in which to sail. This tome, in addition to his poetic works, were the true legacy of the sailor. Two of ibn Majid's famous hand-written books are now prominent exhibits in the Bibliothèque nationale de France.[13]
In popular culture[edit]
In the television series Star Trek: Picard, set in the future, the character Cristóbal 'Chris' Rios (portrayed by Santiago Cabrera) is a former Starfleet officer who once served on the Federation starship USS Ibn Majid, NCC-75710, as revealed in the 2020 episode 'Broken Pieces'.
See also[edit]
Ahmad Deedatall Islamic Content In One Places
References[edit]
- ^Zacharias, Anna (2012-11-24). ''Lion of the Sea' - 500 years ago may be the new face of tourism'. The National. Abu Dhabi. Archived from the original on 2018-07-06. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
Ahmed bin Majid was a navigator, poet and scholar of such respect that he is known among mariners as 'the Lion of the Sea' more than five centuries after his death.
- ^Lunde, Paul (2005-08-01). 'The Navigator: Ahmad Ibn Majid'. AramcoWorld. Vol. 56 no. 4. Houston, Texas. pp. 45–48. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
- ^Oxford Business Group 2007, p. 6.
- ^Al-Salimi 2002.
- ^Russell, Jesse; Cohn, Ronald (2012). Ahmad Ibn Majid. Tbilisi State University. ISBN978-5512794289.
- ^ ab'Ruler of Sharjah revisits the Porto library that led him to an important discovery'. The National. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
- ^'Ibn Majid'. Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. 2005. ISBN978-1-135-45932-1.
- ^Hazem, Bashir (2014-06-11). 'Sultan Al Qasimi: I will exert the necessary efforts to search for answers for researchers' inquiries about Ahmed Ibn Majid'. Emirates News Agency. Abu Dhabi. Archived from the original on 2020-03-21. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
- ^ abcAl-Salman, Mohamed Hameed (June 2012). 'Arabian Gulf in the Era of Portuguese Dominance: A Study in Historical Sources'. Liwa. 4: 32.
- ^Tibbetts, Gerald Randall (1971). Arab navigation in the Indian Ocean before the coming of the Portuguese: being a translation of Kitāb al-Fawāʼid fī uṣūl al-baḥr waʼl-qawāʼid of Aḥmad b. Mājid al-Najdī; together with an introduction on the history of Arab navigation, notes on the navigational techniques and on the topography of the Indian Ocean and a glossary of navigational terms. Oriental Translation Fund, New Series. 42. London: The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. ISBN978-0-718-90900-0. OCLC9283280.
- ^Cliff, Nigel (2012). The last crusade : the epic voyages of Vasco da Gama. London: Atlantic. p. 214. ISBN978-1-84887-017-8. OCLC784016799.
- ^Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. (1997). The career and legend of Vasco da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-47072-2. OCLC34990029.
- ^Momin, A. R. (2019-04-15). 'Vasco da Gama's Voyage to India and the Ibn Majid Connection'. The IOS (Institute of Objective Studies) Minaret: An online Islamic magazine. Vol. 13 no. 15, Leaves from Islamic History and Culture. New Delhi, India. Archived from the original on 2019-05-14. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
General References[edit]
- Al-Salimi, Abdulrahman (2002). 'Different succession chronologies of the Nabhani dynasty in Oman'. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. 32. ISBN2503513360.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Oxford Business Group (2007). The Report: Oman 2007. Oxford Business Group. ISBN978-1-902339-62-7. Retrieved 2013-11-13.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Khal Torabully, The Maritime Memory of the Arabs, documentary film (52') showing Arab navigation in the Indian Ocean, with a special attention to Ahmad bin Majid, Chamarel Film/Productions La Lanterne, 2000.
- Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures, Helaine Selin, Springer Science & Business Media - 2013, Page: 424, ISBN9789401714167.
- Ahmad ibn Majid (15th Century CE – 9th Century AH): The lion of the Seas. http://www.alrahalah.com/.
External links[edit]
- Ahmad, S. Maqbul (2008) [1970-80]. 'Ibn Mājid, Shihāb Al-Dīn Aḥmad Ibn Mājid'. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Encyclopedia.com.
- Technical note on Indian Ocean Arab Navigation Studies by J. Acevedo and I. Bénard of the RUTTER Project, listing all known manuscripts, editions and works of Ibn Mājid.
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